What is PEMADAM?

PEMADAM is the abbreviation from Persatuan Mencegah Dadah Malaysia . It is a voluntary organization established to help those who with problem occurred from use of drugs, to give coaching to the public over use of drugs danger danger and also to gain effort deep public cooperation eradicate drug.

corrupt problem

Corruption problem in police force and government department. Now Malaysia at 145 pace in the world most bad in enforcing bribe and corrupts ( Morgan Stanley report 2007 ) Morgan Stanley international agency (anticorruption agency) listing Malaysia at 145 place in the world most bad in enforcing bribe and corrupts. Drug supplier bribes police and authorities to smuggle drug to come in this country

causes

There are many causes that make teenagers in Malaysia to take a drug. The important causes that encourages teenager to take a drug because their feeling. So many teenager make a drug abuse because their want to know how feel if take a drug.

Second causes is, easy to get a drug in black market. Teenager take a drug abuse because so easy to get a drug in Malaysia. For example you can buy a drug in any nightclub in Kuala Lumpur.

After that they take a drug because lack in education about religion and less attention from parent. Parent failure in giving their responsibility because busy with their work. So, a child doesn’t get love enough and they feel no attention from their parent.

When they have a problem or stress they take a drug to settle this problem. Maybe they think it is the best choice to settle it.

marijuana

Marijuana, Other Drug Use Among Teens Continues to Rise

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By Neil Swan, NIDA NOTES Contributing Writer

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The percentage of America's 8th, 10th, and 12th graders who use marijuana continued to increase last year, according to NIDA's 1994 Monitoring the Future study. Students' use of several other categories of drugs also escalated, while antidrug attitudes among teenagers deteriorated, the survey found.

For the third year in a row, the survey reported a statistically significant increase in annual marijuana use by 8th-grade students. Thirteen percent of 8th graders said they had tried marijuana at least once in the past year-up from 9.2 percent in 1993, 7.2 percent in 1992, and 6.2 percent in 1991.

It was the second year in a row that annual marijuana use among 10th- and 12th-grade students increased. Tenth graders' annual marijuana use jumped from 19.2 percent in 1993 to 25.2 percent. According to the annual survey, 30.7 percent of high school seniors said they had tried marijuana at least once in the past year, compared with 26 percent of seniors in 1993 and 21.9 percent of seniors in 1992.

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Trends in Adolescents' Annual Use of Marijuana

Annual marijuana use increased for the second year

in a row among 10th and 12th graders and for the third

year in a row among 8th graders

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Although the report of increased marijuana use among teenagers, particularly among 8th graders, was the most disturbing survey finding, NIDA Director Dr. Alan I. Leshner pointed out that the 1994 figures remain lower than for most previous years. In 1979, for example, 50.8 percent of 12th graders had tried marijuana in the past year, and every year from 1975 through 1985, the percentage of 12th graders who had smoked marijuana at least once in the year before the survey was more than 40 percent, he said. "Nonetheless, we must recognize that these [current] survey findings are disturbing because they show a continuing trend upward in drug use after a number of years in which that trend was downward," Dr. Leshner said.

"These kids are getting the wrong signal," Dr. Leshner added. "Increasingly, they are viewing drug use as something that is acceptable. We must act decisively to remedy these backsliding attitudes among today's high school students."

Although the 1994 high school survey, which was supported by a NIDA research grant to the University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research, spotlighted increases in marijuana use, students' use of other substances of abuse showed significant increases as well. Other findings include the following:

• Among 8th graders, 25.7 percent acknowledged that they had used illicit drugs at some point in their lives. That figure rose to 35.1 percent when inhalants such as glue or gasoline fumes were included.
• In 1994, 45.6 percent of high school seniors said they had used an illicit drug at least once in their lives. While this is an increase from 42.9 percent of seniors in 1993, it is well below the 65.6 percent of seniors reporting lifetime drug use in the peak year of 1981.
• Annual cocaine use increased among 8th, 10th, and 12th graders for the third year in a row. Among 8th graders, annual use of cocaine has been rising steadily from 1.1 percent in 1991, the first year this age group was surveyed, to 1.5 percent in 1992, 1.7 percent in 1993, and 2.1 percent in 1994. Annual cocaine use for 10th graders climbed from 1.9 percent in 1992 to 2.1 percent in 1993 and 2.8 percent in 1994. Seniors' annual cocaine use rose from 3.1 in 1992 to 3.3 in 1993 and 3.6 percent in 1994.
• The use of crack cocaine increased among 8th graders in 1994. Lifetime crack use rose from 1.7 percent in 1993 to 2.4 percent in 1994, and annual crack use increased from 1 percent to 1.3 percent. Current use of crack, defined as use at least once in the 30 days before the survey, rose from 0.4 percent to 0.7 percent.
• Heroin use also increased among 8th graders. Lifetime use rose from 1.4 percent in 1993 to 2 percent in 1994. Annual use jumped from 0.7 percent to 1.2 percent. Current use increased from 0.4 percent to 0.6 percent.
• More students in all three grades also reported using hallucinogens such as LSD. Annual use of LSD among 10th graders increased from 4.2 percent in 1993 to 5.2 percent in 1994. Increases also occurred in the use of other hallucinogens, a category that includes mescaline, peyote, and PCP, for all grade levels.
• Rates of alcohol use among all three grades remained stable last year. However, alcohol use is still high: 25.5 percent of 8th graders, 39.2 percent of 10th graders, and 50.1 percent of seniors reported having at least one alcoholic drink in the past month.

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Marijuana Use vs. Perceived Harm

Trends in Seniors' Past 30-Day Use
and Belief That Regular Use is a Great Risk

The percentage of students who think that using marijuana
is harmful has declined as marijuana use has increased

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The survey also found a broad erosion of antidrug attitudes. The survey revealed a continuing decline in the percentage of students who think using marijuana, cocaine, or crack cocaine is harmful. In 1991, 62.8 percent of 8th graders perceived great risk in trying crack once or twice, but in 1994, only 54.4 percent said they thought trying crack was risky. The percentage of 8th graders in 1994 who associated great risk with trying cocaine powder once or twice or in taking crack and cocaine powder occasionally also dropped. In 1994, fewer students in all three grades said trying marijuana once or twice, smoking marijuana occasionally, or even smoking marijuana regularly is harmful to their health. A decline in the perception of drug use as harmful means that more young people are vulnerable to the use of drugs, said Dr. Leshner.

Health and Human Services (HHS) Secretary Dr. Donna E. Shalala called the findings about increased use of marijuana by 8th graders the most disturbing part of the survey. "Let's not forget," she said, "we're talking about 13-year-olds."

A marijuana prevention initiative aimed at younger audiences is being developed jointly by HHS' drug abuse agencies, including NIDA, Secretary Shalala announced.

From NIDA NOTES, March/April, 1995

tips

how to avoid drug

Issue: October 2006 How to Avoid Drug Interactions in the Elderly Drug—drug interactions can have potentially life-threatening consequences in older adults, who often take several drugs at once for multiple diseases. Elderly patients are more susceptible to drug interactions than younger patients because of age-related physiologic changes and the sheer number of drugs they are taking. One large survey showed that 91% of community-dwelling US adults aged ≥65 use at least 1 drug weekly, 51% use ≥5 drugs weekly, and 12% use ≥10 drugs weekly (JAMA. 2002; 287:337-344). Michelle A. Fritsch, PharmD, clinical pharmacy specialist, Alamance Regional Medical Center, Burlington, NC, tells IMWR that the litany of commonly used drugs in this population includes cardiovascular drugs, especially thiazide diuretics, angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and beta-blockers; antidiabetic drugs, such as sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, and metformin; fluticasone/salmeterol, tiotropium, albuterol, bronchodilators and steroid inhalers in those with pulmonary disease; and nonsedating antihistamines and often steroid nasal sprays in those with allergies. "Antidepressants should be on the list of commonly prescribed drugs in the elderly more often than they are," she says, while "antianxiety medications and sleeping medications are not always necessary but are often on their regimen." Common Prescribing Errors Discussing common mistakes physicians make when prescribing drugs to the elderly, Dr Fritsch says "there are a lot of errors, because it's so easy to think, ‘Well, this works in the 20-year-old or the 40-year-old,' and we don't realize how differently it needs to be done in the older person." She cites the case of ACE inhibitors, which cause potassium to be retained in the body. "If a potassium-wasting diuretic is given, then you need to monitor potassium to determine if adjustments are needed. Sometimes doctors automatically give a supplement, forgetting that the ACE inhibitor can raise serum potassium." Conversely, combining an ACE inhibitor with a potassium-sparing diuretic has the potential for making potassium levels too high. Drug interactions with statins can be life-threatening. The choice of statin, says Dr Fritsch, depends on the patient's lipid profile and formulary. "But if a patient has myalgias or trouble tolerating the chosen statin, pravastatin may be a good option before abandoning statin therapy, since it has the fewest interactions and is least likely to cause the myalgias—but that does not mean it can't happen," she cautions. Combining gemfibrozil with a statin increases the risk for drug interactions and should be avoided when possible. Warfarin likely heads the list of potentially problematic drugs (Table). "Most drugs are somewhat predictable, but warfarin is very difficult to predict, which makes interactions even more important," Dr Fritsch explains. As many as 7% of elderly patients taking warfarin are prescribed another drug that could be associated with a harmful interaction (J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005; 53: 262-267). Other notable drugs that can cause interactions in older adults include antibiotics; digoxin; metoclopramide, "which interacts with everything, it seems"; levothyroxine and other thyroid supplements; and cimetidine, "which has fallen out of favor, because it interacts with so many things, especially in older people." Dr Fritsch also advises physicians to be particularly alert for possible interactions when older persons are taking psychotropic medications. The Dementia Dilema She described an 80-year-old woman she had just seen who was having trouble sleeping. "Her condition was quite complicated, and she falls easily anyway. She was given amitriptyline to help her sleep. It's on the Beers list [Arch Intern Med. 2003;163: 2716-2724] of medications to avoid in older people. It is sedating but has been highly linked to falls, especially in older people, who tend to get up in the night to go to the bathroom." The patient was also taking Darvocet, which Dr Fritsch believes is used far more often than it should be. "Studies have shown that Darvocet has the same efficacy in controlling pain as just plain Tylenol." But unlike Tylenol, Darvocet is potentially addictive and is associated with auditory and visual hallucinations, dizziness, and increased risk of falls. "Darvocet is one of those drugs that if we could find a way to get physicians not to prescribe it, we would love to have it wiped off the planet." She adds, "Before you can diagnose someone with a dementia, make sure that they're at baseline, and they're clean, without any psycho-affecting drugs. If someone is taking medicines that can cause them to be confused, you're not going to know if the diagnosis is real or if it's just a side effect of the medicine."

Drug law and act

AKTA DADAH BERBAHAYA 1952

AKTA PENAGIH DADAH. (RAWATAN DAN PEMULIHAN) 1983 - (PINDAAN) 1998

AKTA DADAH BERBAHAYA (LANGKAH-LANGKAH PENCEGAHAN KHAS) 1985

AKTA DADAH BERBAHAYA (PERLUCUTHAKAN HARTA) 1988

AKTA RACUN 1952